国际商业和跨文化
在国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了对具有外语知识和技能,跨文化沟通的经理的需求。然而,美国人并没有得到良好的训练在这两方面,因此,有没有在他们的外国同行作为国际舞台上的谈判中一样成功。
谈判是沟通后,为达成协议而反复的过程。它包括说服和妥协,而是为了在任何一个谈判者必须懂得如何在说服人和怎样达成妥协的谈判范围内的文化共识。
在国外的国际商务谈判中,美国人被视为富有和客观。它常常出现在外国谈判,美国是一个大型多万美元的公司,能够支付得起的价格没有进一步地讨价还价。美国谈判者的角色变成了一个客观的信息及现金的供应者。
对在国外的美国谈判者的研究,已确定的几个特点,可能有助于证实这个已成的看法,同时也损害了谈判者的地位。特别是两个特征引起跨文化误解的直截了当和美国谈判者的不耐烦。此外,美国谈判者经常坚持实现短期目标。外国的谈判,另一方面,会珍视建立谈判者之间的关系,并愿意投资于它的长期利益的时间。为了巩固这种联系,他们会选择非直接的交流而不去了解对方的谈判所涉及的时间。
I have a very good friend, and we knew each other when I was in my hometown. Now as I move to another city, we don’t see each other often, but we keep in touch with each other by writing letters. Though computer provides people a very convenient way to communicate, we like the original way, because we want to share every happy moment. When writing down these things, we can recall of the happy moment again. What’s more, writing a letter is much sincere, which is the important reason why we can keep our friendship. I cherish our friendship so much and hope it can last forever.
我有一个很好的朋友,我们是在我的家乡认识彼此的。现在我搬到了另一个城市,我们就不经常见面了,但我们会通过写信保持联系。虽然电脑给人们提供了非常方便的交流方式,但是我们喜欢原始的方式,因为我们想要分享每一个幸福时刻。写下这些文字的时候,我们会回忆起那些快乐的时刻。更重要的是,写信很真诚,这也是我们保持友谊的重要原因。我珍惜我们的友谊,希望它能永远持续下去。
Today, I receive a letter from a good friend. She lives in another city. Though we don’t see each other often, we keep in touch all the time. As we have so many things in common, we share our secrets in the letter. Every time I get a letter from her, I feel so excited. She always tells me some funny things.
今天,我收到一封来自一个好朋友的信。她住在另一个城市。虽然我们不经常见面,但是我们却保持着联系。因为我们有很多的共同点,所以我们会在信中分享我们自己的秘密。每次我收到她的来信,都会很兴奋。她总是告诉我一些有趣的事。
很明显大家都知道,只有这样,才能实现自己的目标是努力工作。正如那句老话不磨面,没饭吃。你可曾见过一个男人谁成功靠无所事事呢?当然,答案是否。因此,我们知道,如果你想获得的东西,你将有阵痛。
农民获得丰收的一年的辛苦劳作,通过多年钻研后取得成就的科学家,学生努力学习才取得好成绩;就连小小的蚂蚁也是勤劳白天和晚上的食物。一知道总有一些人谁的飘落在他们等待的机会。他们可能属性把失败归因于缺乏良好的机会。因此,有这么多的人最后获得什么。聪明人知道,越努力去做,他们将有更大的机会获得成功。
所以,当别人实现他们的愿望,你还是一无所获,不要抱怨
i represent mars. i have a striking red appearance. when i am opposite the sun, i am in the most favourable position for viewing. yeh, how handsome i am
the mean distance of me from the sun is about 141 million mi (228 million km); its period of revolution is about 687 days, almost twice that of the earth. at those times when the sun, earth, and i are aligned (i.e., in opposition) and i am at my closest point to the sun (perihelion), its distance from the earth is about 35 million mi (56 million km); this occurs every 15 to 17 years. at oppositions when i am at my greatest distance from the sun (aphelion) it is about 63 million mi (101 million km) from the earth. it rotates on its axis with a period of about 24 hr 37 min, a little more than one earth day.
last and not least, i wish i know more about mars. however, i realize that i don't need to. you really should learn about mars and write something about it in english for your own studies.
good luck!
我觉得是有益于健康的单独的大部分时间。即使是在最好的公司,也很快厌倦和消散。我喜欢独处。我从来没有找到一个伴侣,作为友好的孤独。我们大部分寂寞中去时,我们比我们的家园时,我们在国外逗留的人。一个人的思想或工作总是孤独。独处与否也不是由空间,人与人之间和他的同胞的里程。我发现,没有腿的努力也不能使两颗心灵彼此非常接近。
Every year, Spring Festival makes me happy, because I can spend a long holiday to stay with my families. On the New Year’s Eve, all the families got together. We woke up early in the morning and then my mother started to purchase some food to prepare the big dinner. I helped my mother to bring the food. Before dinner, there was a tradition in my hometown. We needed to bring the chicken to take a bow to our ancestors, showing our respect and gratitude. When the dinner’s ready, we ate happily and talked a lot. Then at night, the families pasted the New Year’s scrolls and decorated the house. What a harmonious environment and we enjoyed the family hour. In the next few days, I visited a lot of relatives. It was a good chance for us to communicate with each other.
每年春节我都很高兴,因为我可以有一个很长的假期可以和我的家人呆在一起。所有的家人都在除夕那天聚在一起了,我们一大早就醒了,然后我妈妈开始去买食物来准备晚餐。我帮我妈妈拿菜。在吃晚餐前,在我的家乡有一个传统,我们需要拿鸡去祭拜祖先,向他们展示我们的敬意和感激之情。晚餐准备好后,我们开开心心地吃,也聊得很开心。饭后,大家就一起贴春联装饰房子。这是多么和谐的环境啊!享受着家庭的时光。在接下来的几天里,我探望了很多亲戚,这是一个让我们彼此之间进行交流的好机会。
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